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In the United Kingdom, the retail prices index or retail price index〔( Finance Bill — Rates of duty, etc.: reference to Retail Price Index — 18 July 2000 )〕 (RPI) is a measure of inflation published monthly by the Office for National Statistics. It measures the change in the cost of a representative sample of retail goods and services. As the RPI was found not to meet international statistical standards, since 2013 the Office for National Statistics no longer classifies it as a "national statistic", emphasizing the consumer price index instead.〔〔 ==History== RPI was first calculated for June 1947. It was once the principal official measure of inflation. It has been superseded in that regard by the Consumer Price Index (CPI)〔(National Statistics Online ). 2008-10-14. Retrieved 2008-10-22〕 The RPI is still used by the government as a base for various purposes, such as the amounts payable on index-linked securities including index-linked gilts, and social housing rent increases.〔 Many employers also use it as a starting point in wage negotiation.〔 It is no longer used by the government as the basis for the indexation of the pensions of its former employees. The UK state pension (at 2012) is indexed by the higher of RPI, CPI or 2.5%. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/as2011_index.htm )〕 The highest annual average inflation since the introduction of the RPI came in June 1975, which showed an increase in retail prices of 26.9% from a year earlier. By 1978 this had fallen to less than 10%, but rose again towards 20% over the following two years before falling again. By 1982, it had fallen below 10% and a year later was down to 4%, remaining low for several years until approaching double figures again by 1990. Aided by a recession in the early 1990s, increased interest rates brought inflation down again to an even lower level. In March 2009, the change in RPI measured over a 12-month period turned negative, indicating an overall annual reduction in prices, for the first time since 1960.〔(Inflation measure turns negative ), BBC News, 21 April 2009〕 The change in RPI in the 12 months ending in April 2009, at −1.2%, was the lowest since records began in 1948.〔(Threat of deflation as retail price index falls to lowest-ever level ), ''The Times'', 20 May 2009〕 Housing associations lobbied the government to allow them to freeze rents at current levels rather than reduce them in line with the RPI, but the Treasury concluded that rents should follow RPI down as far as −2%, leading to savings in housing benefit.〔(Landlords lose rent cuts battle ), ''Inside Housing'', 10 July 2009〕 In February 2011, the RPI jumped to 5.1% putting pressure on the Bank of England to raise interest rates despite disappointing projected GDP growth of only 1.6% in 2011.〔 The September 2011 figure of 5.6%, the highest for 20 years, was described by the ''Daily Telegraph'' as "shockingly bad". After a thorough review, in 2012 the National Statistician's Consumer Prices Advisory Committee (CPAC) determined that due to the use of the Carli formula in certain subcomponents, the RPI is biased upwards compared to other indices by a "formula effect" of roughly one percentage point. CPAC concluded that "the use of the Carli formula is no longer appropriate" due to the weak axiomatic properties of the Carli method. (The weak property is the fact that after a price bounce and a subsequent full return to original prices, the Carli method shows positive aggregate inflation.).〔The formula effect gap between the Retail Prices Index and the Consumer Prices Index, National Statistician's Consumer Prices Advisory Committee, (), John Greenwood, ''MoneyMarketing'', 18 March 2013〕 However, ONS will keep calculating RPI in order to have a consistent historic inflation time series. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Retail price index (UK)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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